LABORATORIES
LABORATORY OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Office: Darwin, DW-003 y DW-001
Phone: (+593 2) 297-1700 ext. 1450
E-mail: ebonaccorso@usfq.edu.ec
Approach
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Biological diversity, from genes to ecosystems
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Bio-geography of Neotropical vertebrates
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The evolution of wildlife diseases
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Genetic of conservation
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Genetic and population evolution
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Phylogenetic systematics
Projects
- Paramos as generators of diversity: comparative biogeography and implications in climate change scenarios (E. Bonaccorso, J.M.Guayasamin, et al.)
- Ecology of avian malaria infections in different habitats and with various levels of anthropogenic alteration. (E. Bonaccorso et al.)
- Phylogeography of Ecuadorian Andean birds and its implications for conservation. (E. Bonaccorso et al.)
- Amphibians and reptiles of Ecuador (A. Arteaga, L. Bustamante, J. M. Guayasamin)
- Reptiles of Galapagos (A. Arteaga, L. Bustamante, J. M. Guayasamin)
- Glass frogs: Conservatism or morphological development and niche evolution (J.M. Guayasamin et al.)
- Ecology and diversification of marine iguanas in Galapagos (Steinfartz, J.M. Guayasamin et al.)
- Speciation of amphibians in altitudinal gradients. (J. M. Guayasamin et al.)
- Characterization of fish biodiversity patterns in coastal areas of Southern Galapagos through eDNA (D. Pazmiño et al.)
- eDNA as a tool to detect species of interest (commercial and conservation) in Galapagos (D. Pazmiño et al.)
- Development of genomic tools applied to the management and conservation of the Galapagos shark – Carcharhinus galapagensis. (D. Pazmiño, J.M. Guayasamín, E. Bonaccorso, J. Chaves, A. Hearn, M. L. Torres, D. Páez, J.P. Muñoz, M. Hirschfeld)
- Genomic population of rays in the South of Galapagos. (D. Pazmiño y collaborators)
- Genetic connectivity of breeding areas of blacktip shark. – Carcharhinus limbatus en San Cristobal Island (D. Pazmiño, A. Hearn)
- Genomics of cucuves of Galapagos: how can small populations on islands persist over time? (S. Espinoza, J. Andres, J. Vlček, J. Chaves)
- Galapagos rails phylogeography: biogeography and current geographic distribution of the genetic diversity of Lateralus spilonota. (P. Martinez, J. Chaves)
- Extinction in islands and insular demography based on specimens collected by the California Academy of Sciences in Galapagos in 1906: Genomics of populations and ancient DNA of Laterallus spilonota (J. Chaves)
- Effect of urbanization on the evolutionary radiation of finches from Darwin. (J. Chaves y colaboradores)
- Genomics and phylogeography of the hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) in the Eastern Pacific. (J Chaves, E. Bonaccorso, J. Guayasamin, D. Pazmiño, D. Páez, J. P. Muñoz)
- The threat of infectious diseases in Darwin´s finches (J. Chaves, J. Lewis, C. Bonneaud)
- Adaptations to sanguivory in the vampire finch: metagenomics and proteomics of the saliva of Geospiza septentrionalis (J. Chaves, A. Uy)
- Exploration of the key genetic bases in the evolutionary radiation of Darwin´s finches (J. Chaves)
Publications
Year | Title | Authors | Document |
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2023 | A pilot study to estimate the population size of endangered Galápagos marine iguanas using drones | Varela A, Rivas-Torres G, Guayasamin JM, Steinfartz S, MacLeod A | Download |
2023 | Human impacts outpace natural processes in the Amazon | Albert JS, Carnaval AC, Flantua SGA, Lohmann LG, Ribas CC, Riff D, Carrillo JD, Fan Y, Figueiredo JJP, Guayasamin JM, Hoorn C, De Melo GH, Nascimento N, Quesada CA, Ulloa-Ulloa C, Val P, Arieira J, Encalada AC, Nobre CA | Download |
2023 | Environmental rather than character displacement explain call evolution in glassfrogs | Mendoza-Henao AM, Zamudio KR, Guayasamin JM, Escalona M, Parra-Oleas G | Download |
2022 | Harlequin frog rediscoveries provide insights into species persistence in the face of drastic amphibian declines | Jaynes KE, Páez-Vacas MI, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Guayasamin JM, Terán-Valdez A, Siavichay FR, Fitzpatrick SW, Coloma LA | Download |
2022 | Cryptic Lineages and Standing Genetic Variation Across Independent Cane Toad Introductions | Mittan-Moreau CS, Kelehear C, Toledo LF, Bacon J, Guayasamin JM, Snyder A, Zamudio KR | Download |
2022 | William E. Duellman (1930–2022): His endless study and legacy on the Ecuadorian amphibians | Coloma LA, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2022 | A spectacular new species of Hyloscirtus (Anura: Hylidae) from the Cordillera de Los Llanganates in the eastern Andes of Ecuador | Reyes-Puig JP, Recalde D, Recalde F, Koch C, Guayasamin JM, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH | Download |
2022 | Two new glassfrogs (Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium) from Ecuador, with comments on the endangered biodiversity of the Andes | Guayasamin JM, Brunner RM, Valencia-Aguilar A, Franco-Mena D, Ringler E, Medina Armijos A, Morochz C, Bustamante L, Maynard RJ, Culebras J. | Download |
2022 | Leaving no stone unturned: three additional new species of Atractus ground snakes (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Ecuador discovered using a biogeographical approach | Arteaga A, Quezada A, Vieira J, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2022 | Diversidad y distribución altitudinal de anfibios en la Cordillera de Toisán, Ecuador | Proaño AS, Proaño-Morales JJ, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2021 | Biodiversity conservation: local and global consequences of the application of ‘rights of nature’ by Ecuador | Guayasamin JM, Vandegrift R, Policha T, Encalada AC, Greene N, Ríos-Touma B, Endara L, Cárdenas RE, Larreátegui F, Baquero L, Arcos I, Cueva J, Peck M, Alfonso-Cortes F, Thomas D, DeCoux J, Levy E, Roy BA | Download |
2021 | Un llamado neotropical: repositorios acústicos de la herpetología latinoamericana | Mendoza-Henao AM, Ordónez-Flores S, Dena S, Toledo LF, Guayasamin JM, Franco-Mena D, Acevedo-Charry O | Download |
2021 | Phylogenetic position of the glassfrog ¨Cochranella¨ megista (Anura: Centrolenidae) and first records for Ecuador | Trageser SJ, Maynard RJ, Culebras J, Kohn S, Quezada A, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2021 | A new species of the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from Ecuador, with new information for Noblella worleyae | Reyes-Puig C, Guayasamin JM, Koch C, Brito-Zapata D, Hollanders M, Costales M, Cisneros-Heredia DF | Download |
2021 | DNA metabarcoding reveals fine scale geographical differences of consumed algae in the Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) | Sten A, Dalgo D, Reinhardt T, Peñafiel N, Guayasamin JM, Páez-Rosas D, Vences M, Steinfartz S | Download |
2021 | A new Andean treefrog (Amphibia: Hyloscirtus bogotensis group) from Ecuador: an example of community involvement for conservation | Yánez-Muñoz MH, Reyes-Puig JP, Batallas-Revelo D, Broaddus C, Urgilés-Merchán M, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2021 | International fisheries threaten globally endangered sharks in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean: the case of the Fu Yuan Yu Leng 999 reefer vessel seized within the Galápagos Marine Reserve | Bonaccorso E, Ordóñez-Garza N, Pazmiño DA, Hearn A, Páez-Rosas D, Cruz S, Muñoz-Pérez JP, Espinoza E, Suárez J, Muñoz-Rosado LD, Vizuete A, Chaves JA, Torres ML, Bustos W, Rueda D, Hirschfeld M, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2021 | Red List assessment of amphibian species of Ecuador: A multidimensional approach for their conservation | Ortega-Andrade HM, Rodes Blanco M, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Guerra Arévalo N, López de Vargas-Machuca KG, Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Armijos-Ojeda D, Cáceres-Andrade JF, Reyes-Puig C, Quezada-Riera AB, Székely, Rojas-Soto OR, Székely D, Guayasamin JM, Siavichay-Pesántez FR, Amador L, Betancourt R, Ramírez-Jaramillo SM, Timbe-Borja B, Gómez-Laporta M, Webster-Bernal JF, Oyagata-Cachimuel LA, Chávez-Jácome D, Posse V, Valle-Piñuela C, Padilla-Jiménez D, Reyes-Puig JP, Terán-Valdez A, Coloma LA, Pérez-Lara MB, Carvajal-Endara S, Urgilés M, Yánez-Muñoz MH. | Download |
2021 | Concentrations and stable isotopes of mercury in sharks of the Galapagos Marine Reserve: human health concerns and feeding patterns | Lawrence M, Le Croizier G, Morales G, Carpintero N, Guayasamin JM, Sonke J, Páez-Rosas D, Point D, Bustos W, Ochoa-Herrera V | Download |
2021 | Una fantástica nueva especie del grupo Pristimantis orcesi de los Andes sur de Ecuador | Sánchez-Nivicela JC, Urgiles VL, Cedeño-Palacios J, Abad-Peñafiel H & Guayasamin JM | Download |
2021 | Alloparental care in glassfrogs: males care for unrelated clutches only when associated with their own | Anyelet VA, Guayasamin JM, Prado C | Download |
2021 | Finding a shadow in the dark: rediscovery of Fugler’s Shadow Snake (Emmochliophis fugleri Fritts & Smith, 1969) after 54 years, with comments on its conservation status, distribution, and the tribe Diaphorolepidini | MaynardRJ, Culebras J, Kohn S, Guayasamin JM, Tregaser S | Download |
2021 | Temperature dependence of metabolic rate in tropical and temperate aquatic insects: Support for the Climate Variability Hypothesis in mayflies but not stoneflies | Shah AA, Woods HA, Havird JC, Encalada AC, Flecker A, Funk C, Guayasamin J, Kondratieff B, LeRoy Poff N, Thomas S, Zamudio K, Ghalambor C. | Download |
2020 | Male principal investigators (almost) don't publish with women in ecology and zoology (vol 14, e0218598, 2019) | Salerno PE, Paez-Vacas M, Guayasamin JM, Stynoski JL | Download |
2020 | Zoological nomenclature: Suggestions to increase stability and facilitate the naming of Clades. | Guayasamin JM, Trueb L | Download |
2020 | Nocturnal visual displays and call description of the cascade specialist glassfrog Sachatamia orejuela | Brunner RM, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2020 | Paths of introduction: Assessing global colonization history of the most successful amphibian invader | Jorgewich-Cohen G, Montesinos R, Henrique R,Toledo F, Borzee A, Yi Y, Fei W, Igawa T, Guayasamin J, Laufer G, Bolivar W, Rodriguez A, Grant T | Download |
2020 | Call survey indicates rainbow trout farming alters glassfrog community composition in the Andes of Ecuador | Krynak KL, Wessels DG, Imba SM, Krynak TJ, Snyder EB, Lyons JA, Guayasamin JM. | Download |
2020 | Correction: Male principal investigators (almost) don’t publish with women in ecology and zoology | Salerno PE, Páez-Vacas M, Guayasamin JM, Stynoski JL | Download |
2020 | A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Río Manduriacu Reserve on the Pacific slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes | Reyes-Puig, C., Maynard, R. J., Trageser, S. J., Vieira, J., Hamilton, P. S., Lynch, R., ... & Guayasamin, J. M. | Download |
2020 | Discovery of a reproducing population of the Mindo Glassfrog, Nymphargus balionotus (Duellman, 1981), at the Río Manduriacu Reserve, Ecuador, with a literature review and comments on its natural history, distribution, and conservation status | Maynard RJ, Trageser SJ, Kohn S, Hamilton PS, Culebras J, Guayasamin JM. | Download |
2020 | A cost-effective protocol for total DNA isolation from animal tissue | Peñafiel N, Flores DM, Rivero De Aguilar J, Guayasamin JM, Bonaccorso E | Download |
2020 | Response to Comment on “Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity” | Soto-Azat C, Toledo LF, Voyles J, Weldon C, M. Whitfield S, Wilkinson M, Zamudio KM and Mendelson III, Palacios-Rodriguez P, Parra-Olea G, Richards-Zawacki CL, Rodel MO, Rovito SM, Kosch A, La Marca E, Lindenmayer DB, Lips KR, Longo AV, Maneyro R, McDonald CA, Frías-Álvarez JP, Garner TWJ, Gratwicke B, Guayasamin JM, Hirschfeld M, Kolby JE | Download |
2020 | Vastly underestimated species richness of Amazonian salamanders (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) and implications about plethodontid diversification | Jaramillo AF, De La Riva I, Guayasamin JM, Chaparro JC, Gagliardi-Urrutia G, Gutiérrez RC, Brcko I, Vila C, Castroviejo-Fisher S | Download |
2020 | Glassfrogs of Ecuador: diversity, evolution, and conservation | Guayasamin JM, Cisneros-Heredia C, W McDiarmid R, Peña P, Hutter C | Download |
2019 | Two new species of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylus) from Isabela Island, Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador | Arteaga A, Bustamante L, Vieira J, Tapia W, Carrión J, Guayasamin J | Download |
2019 | Editorial. Humboldt Special Issue: The legacy of Alexander von Humboldt: Exploring the links between geo- and biodiversity | Linder HP, Aspinall R, Bonaccorso E, Guayasamin JM, Hoorn C, Ortega-Andrade M | Download |
2019 | Trophic niche differentiation mirrors intra-island population structure of Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) | Anslan S, Reinhardt T, Fink P, Brauns M, Peñafiel N, Guayasamin J, Paez-Rosas D, Vences M, Steinfartz S. | Download |
2019 | A new glassfrog (Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium) from the Topo River Basin, Amazonian slopes of the Andes of Ecuador | JM Guayasamin, J Vieira, RE Glor, CR Hutter | Download |
2019 | Celebrating Alexander von Humboldt’s 250 th anniversary: Exploring bio-and geodiversity in the Andes (IBS Quito 2019) | Hoorn, C., Guayasamin, J. M., Ortega-Andrade, H. M., Linder, P., & Bonaccorso, E. | Download |
2019 | Integrating alpha, beta, and phylogenetic diversity to understand anuran fauna along environmental gradients of tropical forests in western Ecuador | Amador L, Soto‐Gamboa M, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2019 | Empowering Latina scientists | XE Bernal, B Rojas, MA Pinto, ÁM Mendoza-Henao, JM Guayasamin... et al | Download |
2019 | Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species. | Carvajal-Endara S, Coloma LA, Morales-Mite MA, Székely P, Duellman WE, Guayasamin JM Author information | Download |
2019 | Validating anthropogenic threat maps as a tool for assessing river ecological integrity in Andean-Amazon basins. PEERJ 7. | Lessmann, J., M. J. Troya, A. S. Flecker, W. C. Funk, J. M. Guayasamin, V. Ochoa-Herrera, N. L. Poff, E. Suarez, and A. C. Encalada. | Download |
2019 | Los ríos de las cuencas Andino-Amazónicas: Herramientas y guía de invertebrados para el diseño efectivo de programas de monitoreo | Encalada, AC., Guayasamín, JM., Suárez, E., Mena, C., Lessmann, J., Sampedro, C., Martínez, P., Ochoa-Herrera, V., Swing, K., Celinscak, M., Vieira, J., Tapia, A., Schreckinger, J., Serrano, C., Barragan, K., Andrade, S., Alexiades, A., Troya, M. J | Download |
2019 | Spatial prediction of stream physicochemical parameters for the Napo River Basin, Ecuador | AV Alexiades, AC Encalada, J Lessmann, JM Guayasamin | Download |
2019 | A new species of terrestrial frog of the genus Noblella Barbour, 1930 (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Llanganates-Sangay Ecological Corridor, Tungurahua, Ecuador | Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Ron S, Ortega JA, Guayasamin JM, Goodrum M, Recalde F, Vieira JJ, Koch C, Yánez-Muñoz MH. | Download |
2019 | Evaluating the utility of camera traps in field studies of predation | Akcali CK, Adán Pérez-Mendoza H, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Kikuchi DW, Guayasamin JM, Pfennig DW. | Download |
2019 | A new glassfrog (Centrolenidae) from the Chocó-Andean Río Manduriacu Reserve, Ecuador, endangered by mining | Guayasamin JM, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Vieira J, Kohn S, Gavilanes G, Lynch RL, Hamilton PS, Maynard RJ. | Download |
2019 | Male principal investigators (almost) don’t publish with women in ecology and zoology | PE Salerno, M Páez-Vacas, JM Guayasamin, JL Stynoski | Download |
2019 | Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity | BC Scheele, F Pasmans, LF Skerratt, L Berger, JM Guayasamin...et al | Download |
2019 | World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency | WJ Ripple, C Wolf, TM Newsome, P Bernard, WR Moomaw | Download |
2018 | A Preliminary Assessment of the Skin-Associated Microbiome of Caecilia buckleyi (Amphibia: Caeciliidae) | Krynak K, Wessels D, Snyder E, Krynak T, Imba S, Lyons J, Loudon A, Guayasamin JM | Download |
2018 | Newly discovered population of Bumpy Glassfrog, Centrolene heloderma (Duellman, 1981), with discussion of threats to population persistence | KL Krynak, DG Wessels, SM Imba, JA Lyons, JM Guayasamin | Download |
2018 | The Tadpole of Epipedobates darwinwallacei Cisneros-Heredia and Yánez-Muñoz, 2011 (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae), With New Synapomorphies for Epipedobates | PH dos Santos Dias, M Anganoy-Criollo, JM Guayasamin, T Grant | Download |
2018 | A new (singleton) rainfrog of the Pristimantis myersi Group (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the northern Andes of Ecuador | JM Guayasamin, A Arteaga, CR Hutter | Download |
2018 | Uncovering hidden specific diversity of Andean glassfrogs of the Centrolene buckleyi species complex (Anura: Centrolenidae) | Amador, L., A. Parada, G. D´Elía, J. M. Guayasamin. | Download |
2018 | Parental care and reproductive behavior of the minute dappled glassfrog (Centrolenidae: Centrolene peristictum) | Salgado, A., J. M. Guayasamin | Download |
2018 | Systematics of South American snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Ecuador and Peru. | Arteaga A, D Salazar-Valenzuela, K Mebert, N Peñafiel, G Aguiar, JC Sánchez-Nivicela, RA Pyron, TJ Colson, DF Cisneros-Heredia, MH Yánez-Muñoz, PJ Venegas, J. M. Guayasamin, O Torres-Carvajal | Download |
2018 | Narrow thermal tolerance and low dispersal drive higher speciation in tropical mountains | Polato, N. R., B. A. Gill, A. A. Shah, M. M. Gray, K. L. Casner, A. Barthelet, P. W. Messer, M. P. Simmons, J. M. Guayasamin, A. C. Encalada, B. C. Kondratieff, A. S. Flecker, S. A. Thoms, C. K. Ghalambor, N. LeRoy Poff, W. W. C. Funk, K. R. Zamudio | Download |
2017 | A Taxonomic Review of Tan-Brown Glassfrogs (Anura: Centrolenidae), with the Description of a New Species from Southwestern Colombia | Rada, M., J. J. Ospina-Sarria, J. M. Guayasamin | Download |
2017 | Climate variability predicts thermal limits of aquatic insects across elevation and latitude | Shah, A. A., B. A. Gill, A. C. Encalada, A. S. Flecker, W. C. Funk, J. M. Guayasamin, B. C. Kondratieff, N. L. Poff, S. A. Thomas, K. R. Zamudio, C. K. Ghalambor | Download |
2017 | Molecular phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa. | Arteaga, A., K. Mebert, J. H. Valencia, D. F. Cisneros-Heredia, N. Peñafiel, C. Reyes-Puig, J. L. Vieria-Fernandes, J. M. Guayasamin | Download |
2017 | A marvelous new glassfrog (Centrolenidae, Hyalinobatrachium) from Amazonian Ecuador | Guayasamin, J. M., D. F. Cisneros-Heredia, R. J. Maynard, R. L. Lynch, J. Culebras, P. S. Hamilton | Download |
2017 | Reproductive traits associated with species turnover of amphibians in Amazonia and its Andean slopes | Jiménez-Robles O, JM Guayasamin, SR Ron, I. De la Riva | Download |
2017 | Diversification of the rainfrog Pristimantis ornatissimus in the lowlands and Andean foothills of Ecuador | Guayasamin, J. M., C. R. Hutter, E. E. Tapia, J. Culebras, N. Peñafiel, R. A. Pyron, C. Morochz, C. Funk, A. Arteaga | Download |
2016 | The complex evolutionary history of the tympanic middle ear in frogs and toads (Anura) | Pereyra MO, Womack M, Barrionuevo JS, Blotto BL, Baldo D, Targino M, Ospina-Sarria JJ, Guayasamin JM, Coloma LA, Hoke KL, Grant T, Faivovich J | Download |
2016 | Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomy of the Andean Genus Lynchius Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke 2008 (Anura: Craugastoridae) | Motta, A. P., J. C. Chaparro, J. P. Pombal Jr., J. M. Guayasamin, I. De la Riva, J. M. Padial | Download |
2016 | Cryptic species diversity reveals biogeographic support for the ""mountain passes are higher in the tropics | Gill, B. A., B. C. Kondratieff, K. L. Casner, A. C. Encalada, A. S. Flecker, D. G. Gannon, C. K. Ghalambor, J. M. Guayasamin, N. L. Poff, M. P. Simmons, S. A. Thomar, K. R. Zamudio, W. C. Funk | Download |
2016 | Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences | Ceríaco, L. M. P., E. Gutiérrez, A. Dubois, ... J. M. Guayasamin... et al. | Download |
2016 | Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate diversity patterns in an Andean-Amazon basin: implication for conservations efforts. | Lessmann, J., J.M. Guayasamin, K. L. Casner, A. S. Flecker, W. C. Funk, C. K. Ghalambor, B. A. Gill, I. Jácame-Negrete, B. C. Kondratieff, L. N. Poff, J. Schreckinger, S. A. Thomas, E. Toral-Contreras, K. R. Zamudio, A. C. Encalada | Download |
Team Work
- Elisa Bonaccorso: Principal Researcher
- Juan Manuel Guayasamín: Principal Researcher
- Jaime Chaves: Principal Researcher
- Diana Pazmiño: Principal Researcher
- Natalia Valencia: Research Assistant
OUR VISION
To contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary and ecological processes that generate and maintain biological diversity, considering that this knowledge helps to the conservation of species and ecosystems in Ecuador and the Neotropics.
OUR MISSION
In the Evolutionary Biology Laboratory we seek, as Dobzhansky proposed, to understand the biology of organisms in the light of evolution. Therefore, we address a wide spectrum of research interrogations on phylogenetic and its relationship with other issues such as ecology, physiology, biogeography and conservation of species. The organisms we study are also diverse, ranging from vertebrates to protozoa. Our research goes beyond borders, allowing us to understand evolutionary patterns and processes from local to continental scales. This is only possible thanks to an excellent supporting staff and students as well as a wide network of national and international colleagues.